Theories of National Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Theories of National Culture - Essay Example Some of the famous theories of national culture include Hofsdete’s national culture theory, Hamden-Turner and Trompenaars model, and Edward Hall’s theory. It is important here to understand the link between national culture and organisational or corporate culture. Globalisation has reduced boundaries all over the world and this has led to highly diverse organizations. Employees belonging to different cultures and nationalities are working together in pursuit of the same goals. Employees are greatly influenced by their national cultures and their behaviour is an extension of their cultural values. Managers have to handle diversity and create a corporate culture that is flexible enough to accommodate people from different backgrounds. This is the link between organisational culture and national culture.Hofstde’s national culture theory has 5 dimensions and each explains a specific characteristic of national culture (Hofstede, 1983). All the dimensions can help us b etter understand the cultural values and beliefs of people who belong to those cultures. Most of the relevant information required is given by these 5 dimensions. The factors that distinguish national cultures from each other are grouped into 5 clusters. The first dimension of the theory is power distance that explains the distribution of power in a particular culture (Hofstede, 1983). More specifically this dimension is concerned with the degree of equality or inequality that exists in a culture. The second dimension is of individualism that is related to the extent to which individual or collective interests are pursued in a culture. The third dimension is uncertainty avoidance which explains the degree to which ambiguity is tolerated in a culture or a society (1983). The fourth dimension is masculinity which refers to the degree to which traditional masculine roles are accepted in the society. Initially Hofstede came up with four dimensions but later on he added another dimension of long term orientation or Confucianism (Hofstede, 1994). This dimension refers to the long term focus on traditions and values. All these 5 dimensions help us understand a particular culture better as this theory equips us to evaluate a culture on specific dimensions. Hamden-Turner and Trompenaars also gave a model of national cultures that included 7 dimensions (Hamden-Turner &Trompenaars, 2000). Universalism and pluralism is the first dimension that refers to the degree to which law or personal relationships are considered important in a society. The second dimension is individualism vs. communitarianism which is similar to the dimension of individualism of Hofstede’s model. The third dimension is called ‘specific or diffuse’ which explains how responsibilities are assigned in a society. The other dimensions include affectivity vs. Neutrality, inner directed vs. Outer directed, achieved

Idaho Regulation Changes in Long-term Health Care Research Paper

Idaho Regulation Changes in Long-term Health Care - Research Paper Example The former president Ronald Reagan set up structures for long-term care services. This was intended to make improvements for the ultimate benefit of citizens. Regulations such as OBRA 78 provides legal requirements for the health care system to follow throughout the state as it intends that all people within the region can be able to access the healthcare services in ease. It is quite unfortunate that the regulations may fail to meet the citizen’s interest thus requiring some changes. Introduction Federal Nursing Home Reform Act Federal Nursing Home Reform Act from the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87) Developed by Hollis Turnham. President Ronald Reagan ascended into law the primary amendment of the federal principles for nursing home care since the 1965 establishment of both Medicaid and Medicare. The landmark legislation changed tremendously the society's legal prospects of nursing homes and their healthcare. Long-term care amenities requires Medicare or M edicaid funding are to provide services so that each resident can "attain and maintain her highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being. The federal nursing home Reform Act creates a set of national least amount set of principles of care and rights for people living in certified nursing facilities. The split Federal Nursing Home Reform Act and several different bills was "rolled into" one bill to assure final course of all the elements. The least federal health and care requirements for nursing homes should be administered through various of established procedures within the nursing homes and the regulatory bureau. This is a major drawback in the provision of the nursing facilities. For it to be effective, the bills should clearly define to ensure that the bills and funds are adequate for the services. The federal Nursing Reform provides a set of standards for the nursing department to observe in providing health services in the entire Idaho region. It also give s the rights for all people who live with certified facilities in nursing. It is from this perspective that sets the landmark for the common features of OBRA that came in through legislative procedures. Since then, the congress normally completes a large measure of budgetary issues in one large bill. The bill provides that the function in the year 1987 came to give entity to Omnibus Reconciliation OBRA recognizes the unique and important duty that the LTCOP perform for all the home nursing citizens. The Federal Medicaid and their legislation include real source of the material, which is the National Term Care Ombudsman Resource Centre. Distinct duties of advocacy and subsequent controls together with some of the guidance provided by the LTCOPs are additional equipments to provide citizens interests at a required level (American Medical Association 15). The differences, which OBRA introduced in the home nursing care, are great. Some of them provide specific requirements to the citize ns. For example, emphasis on quality of life for residents and clear quality, new expectations that can teach residents capabilities to bathe walk and perform other responsibilities daily. More so, residential assessment procedure that leads to development of personalized plan for caring in 75 hours for testing and training paraprofessional staff (Flower 32). It also outlines the rights in the home nursing and lack of dangerous behaviors for residents in the Idaho region significantly shifting medical situations. OBRA provides a motion of forces that enabled changes in the ways in which state inspectors make their approaches to all home nursing. They never spend their precious time, to